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La France, la création du royaume «yougoslave» et la question croate, 1914-1929
Téléchargement PDF La France, la création du royaume «yougoslave» et la question croate, 1914-1929
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Détails sur le produit
Broché: 398 pages
Editeur : Peter Lang (1 janvier 2001)
Collection : Europaeische Hochschulschriften / European University Studie
Langue : Français
ISBN-10: 3906766489
ISBN-13: 978-3906766485
Dimensions du produit:
15,2 x 2,5 x 22,2 cm
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Balkan Academic News Book Reviews 25/2002Reviewed by Ciprian Alionescu, Email: cipiali@hotmail.comThe violent break-up of the former Yugoslavia attracted substantial international attention to this space. Many books about its history, geography, national myths, intervention of great powers in this space, etc. have been published during the last decade. It seems hard to come up with something new, but Miro Kovac managed to do so!His book, written in French (being in fact the author's Ph.D. thesis, defended in Sorbonne in 1999) explores a still underresearched historical event: the role of France in the creation of the first Yugoslavia and the Croatian position towards the role of France. Although in the title the author mentions only the years 1914-29, the book is by no means restricted to this historical period. On the contrary, roughly one third of the book (the first part: "The Croatian condition before WWI" includes 3 chapters out of a total of 9) deals with the period before 1914. The author provides a good historical background for the reader who are not familiar with the topic. Kovac begins with the origins of the Croats, continues with the formation of the first medieval Croat state until the kingdom of Tomislav and analyzes the decline of the Croatian feudal state that led to its union with the Hungarian Crown in 1102. The author constantly reminds the reader that during the union with Hungary (and later with the Habsburgs) the autonomy, institutions and rights of the Croatian people were nevertheless preserved. In this part, Kovac pays special attention to historical contacts between Serbs and Croats, as well as to the political movements in Croatia after the "Nagodba" (the compromise with Hungary in 1868). Of interest is the author's analysis of the "pro-Yugoslav" political orientation of the majority of Croatian politicians (largely determined, in his opinion, by the ethnical heterogeneity of the Croat lands). He demonstrates how at the time the Croatian demands were assimilated to those of others South-Slavs living in Austria-Hungary and ultimately aspiring to the creation of a larger South-Slav political entity either inside the Double Monarchy, as the majority saw it feasible, or outside.The second part of the book analyzes the diplomatic 'ballet' of the Croats inexile (especially Ante Trumbic and Frano Supilo), the Serbian government and the allied governments that led to the creation of the first Yugoslavia (called between 1918-29 " Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes"). Kovac explains convincingly why the JO (the Yugoslav Committee), created in Paris in April 1915, was not recognized as a government-in-exile by the Entente. It was not only the strong and open opposition of Italy (because of its territorial claims to Istria and Dalmatia), but also the more discrete game of the government of Serbia, unwilling to share the benefits of the future victory and opposing any federal arrangement for the future South-Slav state. Despite some diplomatic successes, such as the "Geneva Declaration" (9 November 1918), signed by the JO and the Serbian PM, Nikola Pasic, the Serbian point of view finally prevailed in the internal organization of the new state.The third part of the book covers the period between December 1918 and January 1929. In Croatia the initial enthusiasm for the liberation from Austria-Hungary passed very quickly after the loss of Istria, Rijeka and Zadar and the adoption of the Vidovdan Constitution (1921), which transformed the Kingdom SHS in a hyper-centralized state and stripped the Croats of their "historical-political rights" (the autonomy they have enjoyed before). The author considers that the Kingdom SHS was rather a Greater Serbia than a common state for all South-Slav people. The Croats were certainly disappointed with the new state of affairs and the expression of this dissatisfaction was the gathering of most Croats behind the peasant party and its leader Stjepan Radic. Radic's political activity between 1918-28 is particularly interesting and presented in great detail. In an objective manner, Kovac shows his successes and his mistakes, his adventures (in 1925 he passed in a few months from the jail to the Cabinet!) and his political thinking. Trying different tactics in order to obtain a federal solution for the SHS Kingdom (boycott of the Belgrade Parliament, various opposition alliances, cooperation with the government, appeals for foreign help, etc.) Radic was finally assassinated (mortally wounded) together with other Croatian MPs during a session of Belgrade Skupstina. His death in the summer of 1928 marks the end of hopes for a parliamentary democracy in the SHS Kingdom: in January 1929, King Aleksandar proclaimed the royal dictatorship.Kovac's book is mostly interesting for the analysis of the French position during the war and after. Kovac argues that the permanent backing of "la France officielle" encouraged Belgrade to pursue its centralist policies until the very end. France wrongly believed that hyper-centralization would finally bring internal stability to its Balkan ally. The unrest in the provinces attached to the Kingdom after the war could convince neither France nor Belgrade about the necessity of change, which proved to be a fatal error in the eve of the WW II.I will conclude by noting that Kovac's book is a good and useful lecture. The author uses many (mostly French) archive sources, the book being obviously the result of a serious and systematic research. The main shortcoming would be Kovac's sometimes passionate approach (nevertheless this does not imply the loss of scientific character) and his rather difficult style, which makes the book a bit hard to read by non-academics. Nevertheless, these criticisms are minor compared to the achievement of providing a good and detailed study that can be recommend to all those interested in the problem....© 2002 Balkan Academic News. This review may be distributed and reproduced electronically, if credit is given to Balkan Academic News and the author. For permission for re-printing, contact Balkan Academic News...
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